Wood Resources

Wood Energy Data

Data for wood resources on forest and non-forest land are given per country. The figures should be used with care, because they are often based on estimates. For non-forest resources, data are limited, but they show that their contribution is substantial (see also data on woodfuel sources).

Bangladesh - Bhutan - Cambodia - China - India - Indonesia - Laos - Malaysia - Myanmar - Nepal - Pakistan - Philippines - Sri Lanka - Thailand - Vietnam

Bangladesh

Forest Resources, 1993
Forest Type	Area	Growing Stock
	(million ha)	(m3/ha)
Hill forest	0.66	46
Mangrove forest	0.71	24
Sal forest	0.12	10
Unclassified forest	0.73	-
Village forest	0.27	203
Tea/rubber plantations	0.07	-
Source: Khatun, 1998

Back to the top

Bhutan

Forest Resources, 1990
Forest Type	Area	Standing Volume	Volume Growth
	(1,000 ha)	(m3/ha)	%
Trop. & Sub-trop. hardwoods	441.3	200-450	0.8-2.5
Temperate broadleaved	445.0	150-430	0.8-2.5
Broadleaved with conifers	171.9	100-380	0.7-2.0
Mixed conifers	250.6	100-430	0.7-2.0
Fir	266.3	100-560	0.5-1.5
Chir pine	66.3	50-130	0.8-2.5
Blue pine	85.0	50-110	1.0-3.0
Source: RWEDP, 1991
Note: Growth in percentage of standing volume per year

Back to the top

Cambodia

Land Use, 1995
Forest Type	Area
	(ha)
Forest and Woodlands
Evergreen forest	4,369,820
Mixed forest	2,323,789
Deciduous forest	3,726,677
Pine forest	1,090
Mangrove forest	16,498
Rear mangrove forest	17,665
Flooded forest	481,225
Wood and scrubland	1,025,071
Non-Forest Land
Rice fields	1,825,319
Rubber plantation	39,977
Orchards/other trees	108,630
Grass/scattered trees	2,553,081
Slash and burn	3,571
Town	2,024
Flooded area	1,066,613
Water surface	1,340,858
Other surfaces	1,198
Total Area	18,903,103
Source: FAO-APFSOS, 1997a

Forest Resources in Sandaan District, 1996
Forest Type	Area	Standing Volume
	(ha)	(m3/ha)
Mixed/Semi-Deciduous Forest	61,826	151
Evergreen Forest	162,121	196
Deciduous Forest	24,877	107
Source: RGC/UNDP/FAO, 1998
Note: Data for Sandaan District only

Back to the top

China

Wood Resources, 1994
Forest Type	Area	Standing Volume
	(million ha)	(million m3)
Timber forest	84,929	6,743
Protective forest	16,073	1,778
Fuelwood forest	4,289	69
Special purpose forest	3,348	497
Open woodland	18,026	545
Single trees	-	771
Four-side planting	-	332
Source: FAO-APFSOS, 1997b

Potential Fuelwood Supply, 1994
Land Use Type	Potential Supply
	million ton
Timber forest	55.9
Protection forest	3.8
Fuelwood forest	29.1
Special purpuse forest	0.7
Cash forest	10.9
Bamboo forest	2.6
Brush forest	10.8
Sparse forest	10.6
Four sides	18.3
Other	0.5
Total	143.2
Source: Zheng Luo, "Biomass Energy Supply in China", paper in WEN 13.3, 1997

Back to the top

India

Forest Cover in km2
Forest Type	1995	1997
Dense forest	385,037	367,260
Open forest	249,309	261,310
Mangrove	4,533	4,827
Total forest	638,879	633,397
Source: FSI, 1998
Note: Dense forest has a crown density over 40%, open forest between 10% and 40%

Forest Resources, 1995
Forest Type	Growing Stock	Annual Increment
	(1,000 m3)	(1,000 m3)
Fir	153,033	1,722
Spruce	9,550	105
Fir-Spruce	31,215	347
Blue Pine	81,175	1,083
Deodar	27,473	366
Chir-pine	111,960	1,865
Mixed Conifers	383,932	3,850
Hardwood mixed with conifers	47,018	783
Upland hardwoods	111,710	1,862
Teak	320,546	8,013
Sal	515,459	8,591
Bamboo	36,371	909
Dipterocarpus	683	11
Khasi pine	7,271	181
Khair	2,406	80
Salai	3,107	104
Alpine Pastures	619	-
Western Ghat Evergreen forest	47,403	790
Western Ghat Semi-evergreen forest	37,560	625
Western Ghat Deciduous forest	18,357	459
Miscellaneous forest	2,794,010	55,876
Source: FSI, 1996a

Non-Forest Wood Resources in Haryana state, 1995
Non-forest area (km2)	43,596
Volume (1,000 m3)	10,328
Vol/ha (m3/ha)	2.36
Tree category	Volume share
Farm forestry	41%
Village woodlot	23%
Roadside plantation	13%
Block plantation	11%
Canalside plantation	9%
Others	3%
Source: FSI, 1998

Back to the top

Indonesia

Wood from Non-Forest Resources, 1989
	Area	Potential supply
	(1,000 ha)	(1,000 m3)
Rubber plantation	3,111	14,200
Coconut plantation	3,317	5,800
Oil palm plantation	961	700
Coffee plantation	1,023	1,080
Tea plantation	137	60
Cacao plantation	182	90
Other plantations	2,500	600
Homegardens	-	63,800
Source: DGFU, 1989

Natural Forest Cover, 1990
Forest Type	Area
	(1,000 ha)
Mixed hardwoods - production	40,820
Mixed hardwoods - other	19,300
Tidal forest	2,160
Forest in nature reserves	14,560
Other forest	31,730
Total forest	108,570
Source: DGFU, 1990

Back to the top

Lao

Forest Cover, 1989
Forest Type	Area
	(1,000 ha)
Evergreen	3,436
Mixed deciduous	5,685
Deciduous	1,664
Source: Goodlet, 1989

Back to the top

Malaysia

Forest Cover, 1995
Forest Type	Area
	(1,000 ha)
Dipterocarp forest	16,410
Swamp forest	1,690
Mangrove forest	620
Plantation forest	190
Source: FAO-APFSOS, 1997c

Back to the top

Myanmar

Forest Resources
Forest Type	Area	Growing Stock
	(1,000 ha)	(million m3)
Closed broadleaved	32,563	2,216
Mangrove	785	16
Coniferous	113	16
Bamboo	963	-
Total	34,424	2,248
Source: FDM, 1999
Note: Year unspecified

Back to the top

Nepal

Forest Resources, 1986
Forest Type	Area	Standing Biomass (mill. ton)
	(1,000 ha)	Stem	Branch	Leaf	Total
Mixed Forest	1,290	86	46	9	141
Hardwood forest	3,207	202	124	19	345
Conifer forest	927	95	35	12	142

Natural Forest, 1986
Zone	Area	Standing Biomass	Wood Growth
	(1,000 ha)	(ton/ha)	(ton/ha/yr)
High Himal	155	101 - 176	1.6 - 3.4
High Mountains	1,629	97 - 173	2.2 - 3.6
Mid Mountains	1,762	54 - 97	2.0 - 2.7
Siwaliks	1,433	94 - 113	3.4 - 4.9
Terai	445	109 - 160	5.1 - 7.0
Source: HMGN, 1988

Back to the top

Pakistan

Wood Resources, 1991
Forest Type	Area	Standing Stock	Wood Growth
	(1,000 ha)	(million ton)	(million ton)
Desert	25,234	7.9	1.5
Forest and highland	12,997	81.7	5.2
Irrigated high prod. (North)	9,185	59.2	7.1
Irrigated high prod. (South)	1,987	11.0	0.9
Irrigated low prod. (North)	3,186	26.8	4.0
Irrigated low prod. (South)	4,461	8.7	2.7
Rainfed agriculture	2,788	4.5	0.4
Semi-arid	25,383	11.2	0.9
Source: World Bank/ESMAP, 1993

Forest Resources, 1990
Forest Type	Area	Forest Growth
	(1,000 ha)	(1000 m3/yr)
Coniferous forests	1,913	3,282
Mangrove forests	207	29
Riverain forests	173	691
Scrub forests	1,191	598
Farmland trees	466	7,705
Irrigated plantations	103	692
Linear planting	16	120
Miscellaneous Planting	155	1,285
Source: IRP, 1992

Back to the top

Philippines

Forest Resources, 1988
Forest Type	Area	Standing Stock	Annual Yield
	(1,000 ha)	(ton/ha)	(ton/ha/yr)
Dipterocarp (open)	4,196	300	5
Dipterocarp (closed)	2,434	475	7
Pine forest	80	200	5
Mangrove	145	200	10
Mossy forest	247	104	2

Non-Forest Wood Resources, 1988
Land use Type	Area	Potential Supply
	(1,000 ha)	ton/yr
Coconuts	4,881	36,607
Grasslands	1,843	922
Intensive farmland	4,392	6,149
Mixed extensive farmland	10,114	21,239
Other plantations	456	1,368
Source: World Bank/ESMAP, 1991

Back to the top

Sri Lanka

Natural Forest Resources, 1992
Forest Type	Area	Sustainable Yield
	(1,000 ha)	(m3/ha/yr)
Montane forest	3.1	1.25
Sub-Montane forest	68.8	1.5
Lowland rainforest	141.5	2
Moist monsoon forest	243.9	1.75
Dry monsoon forest	1,094.3	1.5
Riverine forest	22.4	1.5
Sparse forest	463.8	1
Mangroves	8.7	1
Forest Plantation Resources, 1992
Plantation type	Area	Sustainable Yield
	(1,000 ha)	ton/ha/yr
Fuelwood plantation	16.0	16.5
Conifer plantation	17.0	0.5
Ecalypt plantation	9.6	0.5
Mahogany plantation	3.2	0.5
Teak plantation	16.9	0.5
Poor quality plantation	21.9	0.2
Other plantation	3.8	0.5
Non-Forest Wood Resources, 1992
Land Use type	Area	Sustainable Yield
	(1,000 ha)	ton/ha/yr
Tea plantation	189.8	0.40
Rubber plantation	196.5	2.61
Coconut plantation	300.7	0.99
Four perennials	45.3	0.99
Other perennials	54.8	1.17
Home garden	858.5	1.46
Settlements	27.6	0.10
Roads with trees	15,400 km	0.13 m3/km
Source: MALF, 1995

Back to the top

Thailand

Wood Resources, 1990
Land Use Type	Area	Fuelwood Productivity
	(1000 ha)	(m3/ha/yr)
Forest	10,680	3.8 - 5.4
Degraded forest	3,098	3.2
Range/shrubland	2,205	4.8
Tree crop	3,487	4.8
Crop fields	19,438	1.3
Idle and other lands	1,177	0.3
Source: RFD, 1993a

Forest Cover
Forest Type	Area (1,000 ha)
	1982	1988
Tropical evergreen	6,786	6,275
Mixed deciduous	3,393	3,139
Dry dipterocarp	4,893	4,488
Pine	216	200
Mangrove	287	195
Scrub	85	80
Total Forest	15,660	14,378
Source: RFD, 1993a and RFD, 1993b (for 1982 data)

Back to the top

Vietnam

Forest Resources, 1990
Forest Type	Area	Growing Stock
	(1,000 ha)	(million m3)
Broadleaved	3,528	722
Coniferuous	130	10
Bamboo	1,402	15
Rubber	177	4
Coconut	120	2
Source: FAO, 1987

Wood Resources, 1989/90
Land Use Type	Area	Wood Growth
	(1,000 ha)	(m3/ha/yr)
Forest (rich, medium)	2,720	2
Forest (young)	1,440	1
Forest (poor)	3,060	0.5
Plantations	1,990	10
Scattered trees	400	10
Rubber	240	20 - 40
Barelands	-	0.7 - 2.9
Source: MFV, 1991

Potential Fuelwood Supply, 1989/90
Land Use Type	Potential Supply
	million ton
Forest	2.1
Plantations	1.1
Scattered trees	8.0
Processing residues	0.4
Discarded wood	0.6
Rubber	0.2
Total	12.4
Source: MFV, 1991

Back to the top